August 30, 2007
THE ASAHI SHIMBUN ／ China not ready to join post-Kyoto Protocol pact
投稿者 gnpo : 05:43 PM
August 29, 2007
THE ASAHI SHIMBUN ／ Japan-China ties thawing but old hurdles remain
投稿者 gnpo : 05:39 PM
August 27, 2007
Third Japan-China Joint Opinion Poll - China
In autumn 2004, Genron NPO of Japan, China Daily and Peking University agreed to conduct China-Japan relations opinion polls once a year as part of the "Beijing-Tokyo Forum." Based on the agreement, China Daily and the Peking University School of International Studies held the first Chinese opinion poll on Japan from May through June 2005, surveying urban residents and students. The poll had responses from 1,938 residents in six cities and 1,148 students at five universities. A second poll was conducted from May through June 2006, and 1,613 residents in five cities and 1,140 students at five universities took part. This year's poll is the third following the previous surveys.
Third Japan-China Joint Opinion Poll ( PDF )
Like the past two surveys, the purpose of the recent poll was to shed light on Chinese people's overall image of Japan, and basic perceptions about current China-Japan relations and their future, as comprehensively and objectively as possible to understand Chinese people's patterns of thought regarding China-Japan relations, perceptions of Japan, and changing trends to pursue accurate academic research in depth. The surveys also target observing movements in China-Japan relations from a unified perspective and to provide materials to help promote the healthy development of China-Japan relations.
The last survey was the first in which respondents in both China and Japan used basically the same questionnaire sheets. Questions in the survey were developed considering three factors: concordance with past surveys, issues that have recently been getting a lot of attention, and use of neutral language.
In the 2007 opinion poll of urban residents, usable responses were returned from 1,609 people spread almost equally among five cities: 455 in Beijing, 310 in Shanghai, 313 in Xian, 319 in Chengdu, and 323 in Shenyang. People surveyed were mainly men and women aged 20 and 60. There were 796 men, accounting for 49.5%, and 813 women, or 50.5%. As for educational background, about 90% were at least junior high school graduates but not university graduates (not including university graduates). Their monthly income was less than 3,000 yuan, and mainly around 1,000 to 2,000 yuan. As for political party affiliation, the Communist Party accounted for about 9%, various democratic parties 1%, and no particular party affiliation 81%. When looking at occupations, the distribution covered a wide range from senior management, freelance workers, physical laborers, retirees, laid-off workers, and unemployed persons. The top five categories were: regular workers at various companies and offices at 22.7%, retirees at 12%, self-employed at 11.9%, clerical workers at 11.5%, sole proprietors at 11.4% and service workers at 10.5%. Considering the above factors, people surveyed in the last poll are mostly citizens of lower to middle class in urban cities, with ages, vocations, and regional distributions covering a relatively wide range, so they are a good representation of the overall Chinese demographic.
The 2007 survey of students had 1,099 usable responses. Undergraduate students accounted for 55.3% and graduate students 44.7%, with 62.3% being males and 37.7% females. Peking University, Tsinghua University, and Renmin University of China each accounted for about 27%, and China Foreign Affairs University and the School of International Studies each accounted for about 9%. Of the respondents, 38/7% were Communist Party members. The students surveyed represent the overall demographic of Chinese students in terms of school year, specialty, sex, and background.
Overall impressions of Japan and China-Japan relations
In the last student survey, "good" and "relatively good" impressions of Japan were 4.2% and 31.1% respectively, or a combined 35.3%. Favorable impressions surged compared to a year earlier. In the survey of the general public, "good" or "relatively good" answers accounted for 24.4%, and "average" was 36.9%. "Not very good" and "very bad" answers combined for 36.5%. Again, this shows that favorable impressions of Japan are clearly on the rise compared to the previous two years.
As for the question of "What first comes to mind when you think of Japan?" there was a slight change in answers compared to previous surveys. In both 2005 and 2006, the top answer in all surveys was the "Nanjing Massacre." In 2007, the top five answers in the student survey were: cherry blossoms (51%), Nanjing Massacre (41.9%), Yasukuni Shrine (36.6%), Imperial Japanese Army invaded China (31.6%), and electronic products (27.7%). Meanwhile, for the general public the responses were: electronic products (51.8%), Nanjing Massacre (45.3%), cherry blossoms (44.1%), Mt. Fuji (26.4%), and Imperial Japanese Army invaded China (20.4%). Cultural and economic keywords outranked some historical events for the first time in this survey.
Regarding current China-Japan relations, students who consider them to be "very good" or "relatively good" accounted for 8.2%, a noticeable increase from 2005 and 2006 results. Students who thought they were "not very good" and "very bad" accounted for 38.9% and 5.5% respectively, dropping significantly from 2005 and 2006. Among the general public, people who answered that current China-Japan relations were "good" or "relatively good" accounted for 24.9% or up 14.5 points, and "not very good" or "very bad" 24.7% or down 16.5 points. The surveys showed that 58.9% of the Chinese general public and 49.9% of students think that China-Japan relations have made some progress over the last year.
How people perceive hot issues in China-Japan relations
While overall impressions of China-Japan relations are clearly improving, attitudes toward specific issues have not changed.
Among students, history issues (87.2%), territorial disputes (73.5%), and negative public sentiment (32.4%) still came to the top as specific issues in China-Japan relations, and remain major obstacles to the advancement of current China-Japan relations. Among the general public, as in the past two years, history issues (77.6%), territorial disputes (44.6%), and trade disputes (31.6%) were the top three. Japan becoming a major military power (31.1% of the general public and 31.2% of students) and other issues were also picked as major concerns.
As for history issues, students identified school textbook issues (56.1%), a lack of remorseful attitudes toward historical events (50.1%), visits to Yasukuni Shrine (48.9%), the Nanjing Massacre (44.2%), and other subjects as top concerns. The general public ranked the Nanjing Massacre at the top (66.7%), followed by visits to Yasukuni Shrine (49.1%), school textbook issues (48.8%), and a lack of remorse or sincerity (41.6%). While 52.1% of the general public and 34.9% of students believe "history issues will settle down between China and Japan as relations develop," 42.9% of the general public and 61.6% students think "history issues won't be settled." There are no common views as for how to settle history issues.
In terms of the economy, far more respondents (55.7% of students, 40.4% of the general public) think economic relations between the two countries are "favorable, mutually beneficial economic ties," compared to ones who considered them to be competitive (19.7% of students, 19.1% of the general public). As for people's evaluation of the Japanese economy and its international status, 29.2% of the general public think "it has grown out of a crisis and will continue playing a role as a world economic leader into the future," while 28.2% think "prospects of a Japanese economic recovery are unclear, and its economic influence will weaken." Among students, "Japan will maintain its influence as an economic powerhouse" and "its international status will take a downturn" accounted for 28.9% and 26% respectively.
When considering political and security topics, an overwhelming percentage of students (71.8%) and the general public (60.8%) consider the Japan-U.S. alliance works "To keep the rise of China in check and to interfere with Taiwan issues." That reflects concerns about the Japan-U.S. alliance that are widely found in China as in the last two surveys. Students felt Japan was the military threat at 76.4%, followed by the U.S., India, and Russia at 69.8%, 51.9%, and 20.8%, respectively. The general public recognizes the U.S. (55.6%) and Japan (41.2%) as the largest military threats, while no other country accounts for more than 10%. Some of the reasons as to why people feel Japan is a threat are "Japan conducted wars of aggression in the past, and some Japanese are promoting the revival of militarism" (61.8% of the general public and 68.9% of students), "Japan's military capabilities are already powerful" (39.1% of students and 40.3% of the general public), "Japan is trying to reinforce its military capabilities to become a military superpower" (32.1% of the general public and 53.5% of students), and "Japan will follow a U.S. strategy" (39.4% of the general public and 34.7% of students).
As for Japan actively trying to become a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council, students who thought China should "support" or "support with conditions" accounted for 1.4% and 23.6% respectively. Meanwhile, students who thought their government should oppose the move totaled 69.7%. Among the general public, 43.8% thought the Chinese government "should support" (11.1%) or "should support with conditions" (32.7%), while 35.8% thought their government "should oppose" it. If Japan wants to play a much larger role in international society, many Chinese think Japan "should win further understanding and support from neighboring countries" (40.8% of the general public and 65.3% of students), followed by "should contribute as a pacifistic nation" (37.7% of the general public and 39.3% of students).
Regarding summit meetings and private-sector exchanges, 77.9% of students "expect" or "somewhat expect" summit meetings to contribute to improved bilateral relations. In addition, 76.5% view private-sector exchanges as "important" or "somewhat important." As for the general public, 63.8% answered that they have certain expectations for summit meetings. Both students and the general public think "Japanese ways of doing things and ways of thinking" and "China's rising nationalism and anti-Japan sentiment" are major obstacles to private-sector exchanges.
In this year's survey, 49.2% of students and 54.2% of the general public thought Chinese nationalism has grown for the last several years, while 44.7% of students and 39.4% of the general public answered that it has not changed much. As for the Chinese government's foreign policy principles, "mutual respect, nonintervention in internal affairs" won the most support (35.4% of students and 44.2% of the general public).
Understanding Japan
In the 2007 student survey, "rising nationalism" (66.2%) was considered the most serious issue in Japan today. Meanwhile, the general public thought the "aging society" and "rebuilding of Asia relations" (34.6% and 23.1% respectively) were the top issues.
In regard to Japan's major political inclinations, nationalism, militarism, and great-power ambition still came to the top, and expressions often used in Japan such as pacifism, liberalism, and international cooperation are not recognized much in China. When looking at events in Japanese modern history, the general public and students most recognize the "Manchurian Incident (Liutiaogou Incident), the “Second Sino-Japanese War" and "atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the U.S."
Of all the respondents, 96.2% of students and 98.8% of the general public had never visited Japan, and 62.3% of students and 92.4% of the general public had never interacted with Japanese. Only a small number of students and the general public have close relations with Japanese friends. The Chinese news media is still the major means of learning about Japan and China-Japan relations (90.2% of students and 87.8% of the general public). The highest percentage of students get information on the Internet (64%) compared to the general public that relies on television (84.9%).
Conclusion
1．While overall impressions of Japan and China-Japan relations are clearly improving, views on specific items have not changed much.
(1) Positive changes
The percentage of students who answered that their impressions of Japan were "very good" or "somewhat good" grew by 27.5 points from last year (35.3% / 7.8%). Among the general public, the percentage of people who said their impressions of Japan were "very good" and "somewhat good" rose by 9.9 points from last year (24.4% / 14.5%). Overall, 21.5% of students and 50.5% of the general public said their impressions of Japan had improved over the past year.
As for current China-Japan relations, "very good" and "somewhat good" answers accounted for a combined 8.2%, with a positive outlook growing from 1.5% in 2005 and 2.9% in 2006. "Not very good" and "very bad" responses accounted for a combined 44.4%, a clear drop from 78.2% in 2005 and 70% in 2006. A total of 49.9% of students and 58.9% of the general public answered that China-Japan relations had improved to some extent over the past year.
People's views on the future of China-Japan relations tended to be generally pessimistic in the past, but have become optimistic as 65.9% of students and 73.1% of the general public look at future China-Japanese relations "optimistically" or "somewhat optimistically." In 2005 and 2006, more than 70% of students had pessimistic views. In 2006, only 41.4% of the general public was optimistic about the future of bilateral relations.
(2) Continuity and stability
However, the views among the general public have not changed dramatically on many specific issues. For example, results for major obstacles to China-Japan relations, recognition of settling history issues, economic relations between China and Japan, the Japan-U.S. alliance, cooperation between China and Japan in Asia, summit diplomacy and private-sector exchanges, and other issues have not changed much over the three polls, maintaining relative stability and continuity.
Generally speaking, the survey results indicate that there is no major progress on issues involving China and Japan.
2．Positive view of economic relations, negative view of politics and security.
China and Japan joining hands to promote regional development (60.1% of students and 65.2% of the general public) and economic and social development in each country (62.4% of students and 57.3% of the general public) gain wide support from both students and people at large. Many students and the general public also expect heads of state to work on strengthening economic ties at summit meetings (41.6% of students and 31.7% of the general public). Many students (55.7%) consider economic relations as a tool that each country can develop, however when considering that people look at Japan as the greatest military threat to China, Chinese views of Japan are far from Japan’s pacifistic self-image. The Chinese public is reserving judgment on Japan becoming a military superpower and its role in the Japan-U.S. alliance. In regard to natural resources, the percentage of students who think that "if there is a dispute, China should protect its own rights and interests" (38.7%) exceeds those who call for "cooperation through dialog" (26.3%). The poll results reflect "cold political and hot economic relations" between China and Japan to some extent.
3. Major incidents and the relation between media reporting and public views.
Changes in the overall image of Japan illustrated in the 2007 survey are believed to stem from the three following aspects.
(1)Influence of incidents. In 2004 through 2005, China-Japan relations experienced several negative incidents. In 2006 through 2007, there were not any incidents that could have been a major blow to bilateral relations, and positive events (national leaders visiting each other) were widely publicized, contributing to a positive effect on some survey results.
(2)Influence by media. Polls in the past three years show that news media are an important source of information about Japan and China-Japan relations. In particular, around the time of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's visit to China and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's visit to Japan, positive reporting increased in Chinese media and negative items diminished.
(3)Influence by governments. Governments of both countries have tried to improve chilly relations over the past two years. Governments taking aggressive action or restraining themselves in regard to issues that the two countries have differences in opinion have become another factor that changed the public's overall impression of the other nation.
投稿者 gnpo : 11:51 AM
Third Japan-China Joint Opinion Poll - Japan
Genron NPO of Japan and the Peking University School of International Studies each conducted opinion polls in their respective countries in May. This was the third joint annual survey that has continued since 2005. The purpose of the surveys is to gain a continuous picture of how people in the two countries understand and recognize each other. To supplement the opinion poll, students at five universities in Beijing including Peking University and Tsinghua University answered a questionnaire in China, while a group of intellectuals responded to one in Japan. The following report presents the results of these four surveys.
Third Japan-China Joint Opinion Poll ( PDF )
This article reports on the Japanese survey results. As with the previous two surveys, intellectuals in Japan completed a questionnaire at the same time as the opinion poll was held this year.
[Note: The opinion poll included men and women aged 18 or older throughout the country, excluding senior high school students. The poll was conducted by delivering questions by hand to individual homes and collecting them later, and there were 1,000 valid responses. Details on the 1,000 respondents are as follows. Sex: men 48.5%, women 51.5%. Age group: 18 and 19 years old, 2.2%; 20-29 years old, 14.8%; 30-39 years old, 17.0%; 40-49 years old, 15.0%; 50-59 years old, 18.5%; and 60 and older, 32.5%.
When it came to the questionnaires for intellectuals, we picked 2,000 people from all who had participated in previous Genron NPO discussions and surveys. The questionnaires were mailed out, and responses were received from 300 individuals. As for educational background, 74.0% had undergraduate degrees and 19.6% had graduate degrees for a combined total of 93.6%. This illustrates the average academic background among intellectuals working in Japanese society, and our intention was to add their responses to supplement the opinion poll.]
Genron NPO, China Daily, and the Peking University School of International Studies not only publish the survey results every year, but also agree to reflect upon the results in discussions during the "Beijin-Tokyo Forum" to help narrow communication and recognition gaps between people in the two countries, and contribute to mutual understanding.
The last survey was the first opinion poll since Japan-China summit meetings resumed in October and the heads of both countries visited each other, so it is the only evidence at this time to learn how much mutual understanding has deepened and how perceptions have changed since the summit meeting last year.
The questions in the opinion poll were jointly drawn up by Genron NPO and the Peking University School of International Studies after detailed discussions.
Direction interaction with China, sources of information about China
Among all respondents to the poll, only a little over 10% (13.5%) have visited China. Meanwhile, 80% of the intellectuals (81.9%) have visited China, and the figure has been gradually increasing over the last three years.
In the opinion poll, over 80% (84.3%) answered that they "don't know anyone in China." Among the intellectuals, when combining "have close acquaintances or friends" and "have acquaintances or friends to talk with to some degree," the figure was 71.0%.
The general public's perception of China is formed through indirect experience, or in other words depends on information in the media in their own country. In the poll, about 90% (91.3%) answered "Japanese news media" was their source of information for understanding China and Japan-China relations. The main source of information among intellectuals was also primarily Japanese news media (84.7%) though their sources of information are more diverse than among the general public. Television was the most popular Japanese news media among the general public at 78.1%, and newspapers for intellectuals at 55.9%. A minority of people rely on the Internet for such information.
However, the poll showed that less than 30% of people (29.3%) consider Japanese news media reporting on China and Japan-China relations to be objective. When combining "subjective reporting from Japan's standpoint" (18.3%) and "reporting emphasizing conflicts between the two countries" (17.6%), more than 30% of people questioned the objectivity of the media. Such suspicions are even stronger among intellectuals: when combining "subjective" (22.0%) and "emphasizing conflicts" (33.0%), the percentage is over half at 55.0%.
Basic understanding of China and Chinese people
The average Japanese person's understanding of China comes only from things that arise during everyday life, and understanding of the Chinese political system including socialism remains basic. Impressions still remain regarding the anti-Japan demonstrations in 2005 and other incidents that dominated Japanese news headlines. All opinion polls over the last three years show the same situation.
Meanwhile, when intellectuals think about China the top-ranked topic is "economic growth, overheating economy" at 52.3%. "Asia's core, major future power" was also high at 22.7%, illustrating that people are interested in recent economic developments in China.
As for current dominant political concepts about China, "socialism, communism" comes first among the general public at 75.2%, followed by "militarism" at 35.5%, "great-power ambition" at 33.3%, and "totalitarianism (one-party dictatorship)" at 27.4%. There have not been any major changes in the last three polls. "Pacifism," "international cooperation" and "democracy" rank much lower at around 5% each.
"Great-power ambition" comes first among intellectuals at 65.3%, followed by "totalitarianism (one-party dictatorship)" at 51.0%, and surpassing "socialism, communism" at 45.7%.
Among Japanese impressions of Chinese people's characteristics, those that stood out were diligent, aggressive, stubborn, untrustworthy, insincere, non-creative, nonconformist, and selfish, with such answers commanding much higher percentages than positive ones.
Perceptions of China and Japan-China relations
Japan-China relations have turned around and improved over the past year since summit meetings resumed when Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe visited China in October 2006, and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao visited Japan in April this year. Relations between the two governments have begun to advance. The recent poll surveyed this trend.
The results show that more than half of Japanese today still have negative images about both "impressions of China" and "Japan-China relations." A declining trend that continued until last year finally stopped, but it has yet to turn better.
Intellectuals who interact heavily with Chinese have dramatically improved their impressions not only of China but in particular Japan-China relations over the last year, and improved relations between the two governments are thought to have influenced their impressions.
However, when looking only at the opinion poll, there was no visible effect regarding any improvement in perceptions of China or any result from the recent visits by the respective heads of states.
Nearly 70% of Japanese public have a negative impression of China.
Meanwhile, 54.3% of intellectuals have a positive impression of China, nearly balancing those with a negative image at 45.6%, indicating a split view.
As for reasons why Japanese people have a negative impression of China, "It often criticizes Japan in regard to history and other issues" comes first at 61.7%, followed by "It appears to be self-centered in gaining access to resources, energy, and food" at 42.4%, "Different way of thinking and culture" at 38.0%, "It is building up military capabilities" at 32.6%, and "The future of Chinese politics and its economy are unclear" at 29.1%.
When polling current Japan-China relations, even if "very good" (0.2%) and "relatively good" (6.3%) are combined, that is only 6.5%. Meanwhile, negative views account more than half when "not very good" (47.9%) and "not good at all" (5.2%) are combined. When looking at opinion polls for the last three years, evaluations of Japan-China relations are slightly improving but people with "negative" views still largely surpass ones with "positive" outlooks.
Among intellectuals, respondents who thought Japan-China relations are "not very good" accounted for 41.3%, down more than 20 points, yet that was still the most common answer.
The next question in the opinion poll was whether impressions of China have improved or deteriorated over the last year. The percentage of people who answered "slightly improved" grew about 10 points, showing signs of progress. Nevertheless, even if "considerably improved" at 1.7% is added, that totals only 18.8%. Meanwhile, though the percentage of people whose impressions deteriorated over the last year declined from the previous poll, the total still reaches 27.1% when combining "slightly deteriorated" at 21.7% and "considerably deteriorated" at 5.4%.
In contrast, there was marked improvement among intellectuals with improving impressions over the last year accounting for 24.3%, outstripping worse impressions at 15.0%
As for whether their evaluation of Japan-China relations had changed over the last year, "not particularly changed" was the top answer in the poll at 61.6%.
Among intellectuals, people who saw "improved" relations over the last year soared to 64.3%, a markedly positive response compared to the general public.
Regarding the importance of Japan-China relations, 73.8% of people think they are “important” or "somewhat important" in the opinion poll (72.6% last year). Meanwhile, 98.7% of intellectual consider them to be important (97% last year).
Nearly half, or 47.2%, of the general public thinks that Japan-China relations are as important as Japan-U.S. relations (23.4%) or second-most important next to Japan-U.S. relations (23.8%), and the corresponding combined figure for intellectuals is 74.4%.
Resumption of Japan-China summit meetings
In regard to Abe's visit to China last year and Wen Jiabao's visit to Japan this year, only 36.2% of the general public "expect" such summit meetings to contribute to improvements in bilateral relations even when combined with "somewhat expect." On the other hand, 32.9% of people "don't expect" or "somewhat don't expect" it. Results among intellectuals were in sharp contrast at 77.7% when "expect" and "somewhat expect" were combined.
The top three issues that the general public wants to have discussed at summit meetings are "North Korean issues including nuclear development and abductions" at 35.1%, followed by "strengthening cooperation for energy conservation and environmental issues" at 17.5%, and "history issues" at 9.9%. Among intellectuals, "strengthening cooperation for energy conservation and environmental issues" topped the list at 38.7%, followed by "strengthening economic relations" at 13.3%, and "North Korean issues including nuclear development and abductions" at 11.0%.
Recognition of various issues between Japan and China
China's future influence and Japan-China relations; and resource and energy issues
This section sheds light on how Japanese people look at three topics common to Japan and China. The first is "Will China’s economic and political influence grow in the future?" In response, 57.4% of the general public and 81% of intellectuals think it will, with both figures higher than last year.
The second question was "Are current economic relations between Japan and China friendly ones benefiting both countries, or competing ones that threaten each other?" People in the poll who viewed them as "threatening each other" accounted for 43.2%, or nearly half, and people who thought they are "friendly ones benefiting both" accounted for only 28.9%. In contrast, intellectuals who viewed them as "friendly ones benefiting both" made up 71.4%.
As for the last issue of China strongly pushing to get control of resources and energy, people who thought "efforts should be made to solve the issue through dialog" accounted for 64.7% among the general public, and 80.7% among intellectuals, with both showing strong majorities. Meanwhile, the percentage people who thought "Japan should secure its national interests to compete with China" totaled only 16.9% among the general public, and 16.6% among intellectuals.
Japan's aspirations to become a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council
Regarding Japan's aspirations to become a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council, 46.7% of the general public thought "Japan should become a permanent member along with China," along with an overwhelming 77.3% of intellectuals.
Japan-China relations and history issues
As for Japan-China relations and the issue of perceptions of history, "Even if Japan-China relations develop, it would be difficult to solve history issues" was the top answer at 33.2%, which is the same result in the last two opinion polls.
This year, however, "As relations between Japan and China develop, history issues will also be gradually settled" rose 4.6 points from last year to 30.2% among the general public. Such an optimistic view is more prevalent among intellectuals at 56.3%, rising from 52.3% last year.
Regarding what historical issues should be settled, "Japanese prime ministerial visits to Yasukuni Shrine" ranked top among the public, just like last year.
As for prime ministerial visits to the shrine, only 20.9% of the public think "he should not visit either officially or privately," 29.3% said "he can visit as prime minister," and 34.4% feel "he can visit privately." In contrast, "he should not visit either officially or privately" came first at 62.3%.
Is China a military threat?
North Korea is the viewed by the general public as the primary military threat at 81.4%, followed by China at 35.4%. However, while responses for North Korea rose from last year, China dropped 7.4 points. Russia came third at 16.9%.
As for why they feel China is a threat, "Chinese military will likely continue growing in the future, becoming a threat in the near future" accounted for the most responses at 56.2%, followed by "China often trespasses in Japanese waters" at 46.0% and "China has nuclear weapons" at 44.9%.
Future Japan-China relations and Asia
People who thought that Japan-China relations it will "improve" or "somewhat improve" in the future accounted for 40.9%, substantially higher than those who thought they would deteriorate. Much of the general public is optimistic about the future of Japan-China relations, and the same thing can be said for intellectuals.
As for goals for relations, "cooperate for economic development in Asia" accounted for the most at 51.0%, followed by "both contribute to the world as representatives of Asia" at 48.3%, and "Japan and China take a leading role to develop Northeast Asian security to combat North Korean and other issues" at 38.7%. Regarding what values Japan should promote in Asia, "nuclear-free, pacifism" was highest among both the general public and intellectuals at 39.0% and 28.0% respectively, followed by "respect for people to live humanely" at 21.0% among the general public and 25.3% among intellectuals.
投稿者 gnpo : 10:54 AM
August 22, 2007
The 2nd Annual Tokyo-Beijing Forum in August 2006
投稿者 gnpo : 01:37 PM
August 20, 2007
THE ASAHI SHIMBUN ／ Views of Japan and China warming
投稿者 enatural : 02:52 PM
August 17, 2007
Press conference / August 17, 2007
2007/08/17 Kunlun Hall
Third Japan-China Joint Opinion Poll ( PDF )
投稿者 enatural : 08:51 PM
August 15, 2007
The 3rd Annual Beijing -Tokyo Forum in 2007
投稿者 enatural : 02:24 PM
